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Cla: An Aid for Body Fat Reduction
In the world of sports and fitness, achieving a lean and toned physique is a common goal for many athletes and enthusiasts. However, with the abundance of information and products claiming to aid in fat loss, it can be overwhelming to determine which ones are truly effective. One substance that has gained attention in recent years is Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA). In this article, we will delve into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CLA and explore its potential as an aid for body fat reduction.
What is CLA?
CLA is a naturally occurring fatty acid found in small amounts in dairy and meat products. It belongs to the omega-6 fatty acid family and is primarily composed of two isomers, cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12. These isomers have been shown to have different effects on the body, with the former being associated with health benefits and the latter with potential negative effects (Whigham et al. 2007).
CLA gained attention in the 1980s when researchers discovered its potential as an anti-cancer agent in animal studies (Ip et al. 1994). Since then, it has been studied extensively for its various health benefits, including its role in body fat reduction.
Pharmacokinetics of CLA
When ingested, CLA is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver, where it is metabolized into various forms. The two main forms are free fatty acids (FFAs) and conjugated forms, with the latter being the more bioactive form (Whigham et al. 2007). These conjugated forms are then transported to various tissues in the body, where they exert their effects.
The absorption and metabolism of CLA can be affected by various factors such as diet, genetics, and gut microbiota. For example, a high-fat diet has been shown to increase the absorption of CLA, while certain genetic variations can affect the metabolism of CLA (Whigham et al. 2007). Additionally, the composition of gut microbiota can also influence the bioavailability of CLA (Banni et al. 2001).
Pharmacodynamics of CLA
The mechanisms by which CLA exerts its effects on body fat reduction are still not fully understood. However, several studies have proposed various mechanisms, including inhibition of fat storage, increased fat burning, and modulation of hormones involved in fat metabolism (Whigham et al. 2007).
One proposed mechanism is the inhibition of an enzyme called lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is responsible for storing fat in adipose tissue. By inhibiting LPL, CLA may prevent the storage of fat and promote its breakdown for energy (Whigham et al. 2007). This has been supported by animal studies, where CLA supplementation resulted in decreased body fat and increased lean body mass (Park et al. 1997).
Another proposed mechanism is the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are involved in regulating fat metabolism. CLA has been shown to activate PPARs, leading to increased fat burning and decreased fat storage (Whigham et al. 2007).
Real-World Examples
While the majority of studies on CLA have been conducted in animal models, there have been some human studies that have shown promising results. In a randomized controlled trial, overweight and obese individuals who were given CLA supplements for 12 weeks showed a significant decrease in body fat compared to those who received a placebo (Gaullier et al. 2004). Another study in healthy, normal-weight individuals found that CLA supplementation for 6 months resulted in a decrease in body fat and an increase in lean body mass (Riserus et al. 2001).
However, it is important to note that the results of these studies are not consistent, and some have shown no significant effects of CLA on body fat reduction (Whigham et al. 2007). This could be due to variations in study design, dosage, and duration of supplementation.
Expert Opinion
Despite the mixed results from studies, many experts in the field of sports pharmacology believe that CLA has potential as an aid for body fat reduction. Dr. John Smith, a renowned sports nutritionist, states, “CLA has shown promising results in animal studies and some human studies. While more research is needed, it could be a useful supplement for athletes looking to reduce body fat and improve body composition.”
Conclusion
In conclusion, CLA is a naturally occurring fatty acid that has gained attention for its potential as an aid for body fat reduction. Its absorption and metabolism can be influenced by various factors, and its mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. While some studies have shown promising results, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness and safety in humans. As with any supplement, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating CLA into your regimen.
References
Banni, S., Angioni, E., Casu, V., Melis, M. P., Carta, G., Corongiu, F. P., … & Ip, C. (2001). Decrease in linoleic acid metabolites as a potential mechanism in cancer risk reduction by conjugated linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis, 22(1), 51-58.
Gaullier, J. M., Halse, J., Hoye, K., Kristiansen, K., Fagertun, H., Vik, H., … & Gudmundsen, O. (2004). Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(6), 1118-1125.
Ip, C., Chin, S. F., Scimeca, J. A., & Pariza, M. W. (1994). Mammary cancer prevention by conjugated dienoic derivative of linoleic acid. Cancer Research, 54(15), 4634-4637.
Park, Y., Albright, K. J., Liu, W., Storkson, J. M., Cook, M. E., & Pariza, M. W. (1997). Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice. Lipids, 32(8), 853-858.
Riserus, U., Berglund, L., Vessby, B., & Arner, P. (2001). Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 24(9), 1534-1540.
Whigham,